[SABCS2014]他莫昔芬耐药的乳腺癌和HER-2阳性乳腺癌的治疗方法

作者:肿瘤瞭望   日期:2014/12/19 16:53:43  浏览量:54285

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C. Kent Osborne博士是贝勒医学院医药分子和细胞生物学系教授,在37届圣安东尼奥会议后,《肿瘤瞭望》就乳腺癌治疗方法的几个问题对Osborne博士进行了采访。

  如何治疗他莫昔芬耐药的乳腺癌

  他莫昔芬是ER阳性绝经前乳腺癌的一线治疗药物。但是在许多患者中会出现他莫昔芬耐药。如何治疗他莫昔芬耐药的乳腺癌取决于患者的绝经状态,他莫昔芬耐药的绝经后患者可用芳香化酶抑制剂或氟维司群治疗,起码会对转移性乳腺癌有些作用。当然,患者最终也会对这两种药物耐药,许多研究实验室正试图找出其耐药的原因。如果绝经前患者对他莫昔芬治疗有反应,就可进行卵巢抑制或芳香化酶抑制剂联合卵巢抑制治疗,这可能是目前最好的治疗策略。

  未来的研究方向是探索雌激素受体信号通路被抑制后的信号通路代偿。芳香酶抑制剂加入mTOR通路抑制剂依维莫司治疗HR阳性乳腺癌疗效增加(BOLERO-2试验),这是探索信号通路代偿的线索之一;另一个线索是CDK4/6抑制剂palbociclib,内分泌治疗联合palbociclib大有裨益。将来的研究可根据代偿信号通路将肿瘤分型,除了雌激素受体通路阻断治疗以外,还要阻断这些代偿信号通路。

 

  HER-2阳性乳腺癌的未来治疗方法

  目前已经有很多HER-2阳性乳腺癌治疗的相关研究。Osborne博士的实验室首创了“HER双受体信号通路阻滞”的方法,这种方法有特别优势。HER家族4名成员皆可进行信号转导,特别是HER-1,HER-2,HER-3,曲妥珠单抗能阻断其中之一,曲妥珠单抗也有抗体依赖细胞介导的细胞毒性作用(ADCC)。同时用拉帕替尼或EGFR抑制剂阻断HER1或HER-3,或用帕妥珠单抗阻断HER-3、HER-2异二聚体化可产生更多疗效。

  大量化疗并没有显示出疗效 (如ALTTO试验),却使双受体信号通路阻滞的优势有所丧失。即有些患者可只进行两个HER受体的信号通路阻滞治疗,顶多在治疗初期少量化疗(如Dana Farber研究中低危患者用紫杉醇和赫赛汀化疗)。不过新辅助治疗的研究显示患者不化疗也能获得很高的pCR率,即有些肿瘤较大的患者(上述研究的患者肿瘤平均5、6cm)不需化疗,只进行12周双受体阻滞治疗即可。因此需要确定哪些患者需要化疗,哪些患者会发生受体阻断治疗耐药,而需要其他类型的治疗。

  如果存在PI3K突变从HR受体下游激活的信号通路,或p10 基因表达量低激活PI3K通路,则可导致受体抑制剂的耐药,针对抑制剂耐药的研究正试图找出那些代偿信号通路。

 

(中英文访谈全文如下)

  Oncology Frontier: Dr. Osbourne, tamoxifen has been a frontline treatment for estrogen receptor positive breast tumors in premenopausal women. However resistance to tamoxifen occurs in many patients. Currently, what is the best way to deal with tamoxifen resistant breast cancer?

  肿瘤瞭望:他莫昔芬是ER阳性绝经前乳腺癌的一线治疗药物。但是在许多患者中会出现他莫昔芬耐药。目前如何治疗他莫昔芬耐药的乳腺癌?

 

  Dr. Osbourne:  Well I think it depends on the menopausal status of the patient but in postmenopausal women certainly aromatase inhibitors or fulvestrant are effective in patients who have developed tamoxifen resistance, at least for a while in metastatic breast cancer. Of course they eventually develop resistance to those drugs as well and that is a topic of many research laboratories. They are all trying to figure that out. In premenopausal women, if they respond to tamoxifen you could then suppress the ovaries or give an aromatase inhibitor with ovarian suppression and that would probably be the best therapy there. That is what we do today. I think what we will be doing in the future is uncovering the compensatory pathways that are engaged when you block estrogen signaling. There is a clue to that obviously with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus, which along with an aromatase inhibitor provides additional benefit. I think palbociclib is another one, CD46 inhibitor that along with endocrine therapy seems to be an advantage. I think dissecting each persons tumor down to what the compensatory pathways are likely to be and blocking those in addition to the estrogen pathway is the way to go in the future.

  Osbourne博士:我认为这取决于患者的绝经状态,他莫昔芬耐药的绝经后患者当然用芳香化酶抑制剂或氟维司群治疗有效,起码会对转移性乳腺癌有些作用。当然,患者最终也会对这两种药物耐药,许多研究实验室正试图找出其耐药的原因。如果绝经前患者对他莫昔芬治疗有反应,就可进行抑制卵巢或芳香化酶抑制剂联合卵巢抑制治疗,这可能是目前最好的治疗策略。以后的研究方向是探索雌激素受体信号通路被抑制后的信号通路代偿。芳香酶抑制剂加入mTOR通路抑制剂依维莫司治疗HR阳性乳腺癌疗效增加(BOLERO-2试验),这是信号通路代偿的线索之一;另一个是CDK4/6抑制剂palbociclib,内分泌治疗联合palbociclib大有裨益。我认为以后应该根据代偿信号通路将肿瘤分型,除了雌激素受体通路阻断治疗以外,还要阻断这些代偿信号通路。

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